## ----setup, include=FALSE-----------------------------------------------------
knitr::opts_chunk$set(
  collapse = TRUE,
  comment = "#>",
  fig.width = 7,
  fig.height = 4.5
)
library(gp3sequences)

## ----case-data----------------------------------------------------------------
paths <- list(
  s01 = c("home", "search", "product", "cart", "checkout", "confirmation"),
  s02 = c("home", "search", "product", "reviews", "cart", "checkout"),
  s03 = c("home", "category", "product", "cart", "checkout", "confirmation"),
  s04 = c("home", "search", "category", "product", "cart", "checkout"),
  s05 = c("home", "category", "product", "reviews", "cart", "checkout"),
  s06 = c("home", "search", "product", "cart", "home", "search"),
  s07 = c("home", "category", "search", "product", "checkout", "confirmation"),
  s08 = c("home", "category", "product", "compare", "cart", "checkout"),
  s09 = c("home", "search", "compare", "product", "checkout", "home"),
  s10 = c("home", "category", "compare", "product", "cart", "checkout"),
  s11 = c("home", "search", "product", "compare", "cart", "checkout"),
  s12 = c("home", "category", "product", "checkout", "confirmation", "home")
)

case_data <- do.call(
  rbind,
  lapply(seq_along(paths), function(i) {
    data.frame(
      sequence_id = names(paths)[i],
      sequence_order = seq_along(paths[[i]]),
      state = paths[[i]],
      duration = 75 + 6 * seq_along(paths[[i]]) + 2 * i,
      participant_id = sprintf("p%02d", i),
      interface = if (i <= 6L) "interface_a" else "interface_b",
      stringsAsFactors = FALSE
    )
  })
)

head(case_data, 12L)

## ----case-prepare-------------------------------------------------------------
case_audit <- audit_sequence_data(
  case_data,
  sequence_id_col = "sequence_id",
  order_col = "sequence_order",
  state_col = "state",
  duration_col = "duration",
  metadata_cols = c("participant_id", "interface")
)

case_prepared <- prepare_sequence_data(
  case_data,
  sequence_id_col = "sequence_id",
  order_col = "sequence_order",
  state_col = "state",
  duration_col = "duration",
  metadata_cols = c("participant_id", "interface"),
  missing_state_policy = "error",
  duplicate_position_policy = "error",
  repeated_state_policy = "preserve",
  zero_duration_policy = "preserve",
  unknown_state_policy = "preserve",
  unused_state_levels = "preserve"
)

case_audit
case_prepared$status
case_prepared$decisions

## ----case-summaries-----------------------------------------------------------
state_summary <- summarise_sequence_states(
  case_prepared$data,
  sequence_id_col = "sequence_id",
  order_col = "sequence_order",
  state_col = "state",
  duration_col = "duration",
  metadata_cols = c("participant_id", "interface")
)

transition_summary <- summarise_sequence_transitions(
  case_prepared$data,
  sequence_id_col = "sequence_id",
  order_col = "sequence_order",
  state_col = "state",
  metadata_cols = c("participant_id", "interface"),
  include_self = TRUE
)

path_summary <- format_sequence_paths(
  case_prepared$data,
  sequence_id_col = "sequence_id",
  order_col = "sequence_order",
  state_col = "state",
  metadata_cols = c("participant_id", "interface")
)

state_summary$overall
head(transition_summary$overall)
path_summary$paths

## ----case-motifs--------------------------------------------------------------
case_motifs <- extract_sequence_ngrams(
  case_prepared$data,
  sequence_id_col = "sequence_id",
  order_col = "sequence_order",
  state_col = "state",
  metadata_cols = "interface",
  min_length = 2L,
  max_length = 3L,
  overlap = "allow"
)

case_motif_summary <- summarise_sequence_motifs(case_motifs)
case_motif_filter <- filter_sequence_motifs(
  case_motif_summary,
  min_occurrences = 2L,
  min_sequences = 2L,
  min_prevalence = 0.15,
  motif_lengths = c(2L, 3L),
  top_n = 12L,
  rank_by = "sequence_prevalence",
  ties = "include"
)

format_sequence_motifs(
  case_motif_filter,
  prevalence = "percent",
  digits = 1L
)$table

## ----case-groups--------------------------------------------------------------
state_order <- sort(unique(case_prepared$data$state), method = "radix")

case_consensus <- create_consensus_sequence(
  case_prepared$data,
  group_cols = "interface",
  tie_method = "first",
  state_levels = state_order
)

case_comparison <- compare_sequence_groups(
  case_prepared$data,
  group_col = "interface"
)

format_consensus_sequence(case_consensus, include_agreement = TRUE)
summarise_consensus_agreement(case_consensus, by = "group")
head(case_comparison$state_contrasts)
head(case_comparison$transition_contrasts)
case_comparison$length_contrasts

## ----case-clustering----------------------------------------------------------
case_distance <- compute_sequence_distance(
  case_prepared$data,
  method = "lcs",
  normalise = "max_length"
)

case_cluster <- cluster_sequences(
  case_distance,
  k = 2L,
  method = "hierarchical",
  linkage = "average"
)

case_cluster_validation <- validate_sequence_clusters(case_cluster)
case_representatives <- extract_representative_sequences(case_cluster)

summarise_sequence_distance(case_distance)$overall
case_cluster$assignments
case_cluster_validation$overall
case_representatives

## ----case-network-------------------------------------------------------------
case_network <- create_transition_network(
  case_prepared$data,
  normalise = "from",
  include_self = TRUE
)

case_centrality <- summarise_transition_centrality(case_network)
case_communities <- detect_transition_communities(case_network)

case_order2 <- fit_higher_order_transition_model(
  case_prepared$data,
  order = 2L,
  smoothing = 0.5,
  backoff = TRUE
)

case_network
case_centrality
case_communities
predict_next_state(case_order2, c("home", "search"))
predict_next_state(case_order2, c("unseen"))

## ----case-hmm-----------------------------------------------------------------
one_state <- fit_sequence_hmm(
  case_prepared$data,
  n_states = 1L,
  max_iter = 30L,
  seed = 42L
)

two_state <- fit_sequence_hmm(
  case_prepared$data,
  n_states = 2L,
  max_iter = 50L,
  seed = 42L
)

summarise_sequence_hmm(two_state)$fit
head(decode_sequence_states(two_state, method = "viterbi"))
compare_sequence_hmms(one_state = one_state, two_state = two_state)

## ----case-report--------------------------------------------------------------
case_evidence <- list(
  preparation_status = case_prepared$status,
  preparation_decisions = case_prepared$decisions,
  state_summary = state_summary$overall,
  motif_summary = case_motif_filter$motifs,
  consensus = format_consensus_sequence(
    case_consensus,
    include_agreement = TRUE
  ),
  group_state_contrasts = case_comparison$state_contrasts,
  distance_summary = summarise_sequence_distance(case_distance)$overall,
  cluster_validation = case_cluster_validation$overall,
  representatives = case_representatives,
  network = case_network,
  centrality = case_centrality,
  hmm_comparison = compare_sequence_hmms(
    one_state = one_state,
    two_state = two_state
  )
)

names(case_evidence)