\input amstexl
\input lamstex

%% This file is both a ``readme'' file and a sample LamS-TeX file.
%% The initial part, between the \comment and \endcomment lines,
%% is meant to be read on line.  When the file is TeX'ed, this 
%% material will be ignored.


\comment  

LamS-TeX is an extension to AmS-TeX that provides three major additions.
    

(I) FIRST WE HAVE PROFESSIONAL QUALITY COMMUTATIVE DIAGRAMS OF ALL 
SORTS, AS WELL AS ``PARTITIONED MATRICES''. 

A sample commutative diagram, which everyone seems to think is very 
impressive, even though it is rather simple to produce, can be seen
by TeXing this file.

The commutative diagrams use five new fonts lams1, ... lams5, which
contain arrow shafts, dashed shafts, heads, half heads, etc., at
many different angles, so that an enormous number of different sorts
of arrows can be drawn at all these different angles.  The
commutative diagram macros do not require any knowledge of the 
coordinates of the groups in the diagrams---arrows are indicated simply
as ``vectors'': @(h,v) indicates an arrow that points to the group
that is h columns to the right and v rows up (h and v can both be
negative). LamS-TeX automatically picks the best angle for the indicated
arrow, but there are options that allow you to change the arrow in
almost any way imaginable.

The MetaFont sources lams1.mf, ... lams5.mf are provided, so that
the fonts can be made at any size and resolution.
 

(II) A VERY LARGE PART OF LAMS-TEX IS DEVOTED TO TABLES.

Only the LamS-TeX Manual can describe all the details allowed for
tables, but here are a few important features:

You can define columns in which elements are set left-justified, centered,
or right-justified, or even such columns in which other conditions
are added, like font changes. The position of individual entries of a
column can easily be changed, and fancier things are possible, like
creating a column of left-justified elements all centered under a longer
heading.

You can also produce columns consisting of paragraphs of text of 
prescribed width, columns in which formulas are treated as math,
or as displayed math, columns for decimal numbers that will line up 
automatically on the decimal point, or columns for money amounts,
with additional features. The gaps between columns can also be made 
to stretch to produce tables of desired width. Entries can cross columns.

When entries are more than one line tall, rows can be specified to
have entries aligned along the top line or the bottom line, or 
centered, and an entry can cross over rows.

Lines can be inserted between any rows or columns, and partial lines
can be inserted.  There is complete control of each of the line segments
that appear in a table: the height and depth of each horizontal segment
can be controlled, and for each vertical segment, the amount the line
extends to the left or right of its position can be controlled.

Numerous special constructions allow you to get the sort of details
that are the hallmark of professional tables. As a simple examle,
struts are automatically inserted to provide proper spacing between
rows and the horizontal lines above and below them.


(III) LAMS-TEX PROVIDES THE SORT OF FUNCTIONALITY PROVIDED BY LATEX, BUT 
WITH MUCH GREATER FLEXIBILITY, AND WITH MANY ADDITIONAL FEATURES.

Again, only the LamS-TeX Manual can completely indicate all this, but
here are a few important points.

To begin with, LamS-TeX, as an extension of AmS-TeX, is almost completely
compatible with plain TeX. (There is even an additional short file, 
pcompat.tex---whose use is explained within the file itself---that 
eliminates the slight incompatibility of AmS-TeX and plain TeX.)

Moreover, the syntax of LamS-TeX, similar to that of AmS-TeX, is 
considerably more concise than that of LaTeX.

But the most important aspect of LamS-TeX is its flexibility, which
allows you to have LamS-TeX do things the way you want, as opposed
to LaTeX, which essentially forces you to do things the way it wants.

  For example, even if your Lemmas are being numbered 1, 2, 3, ...
  you can decide to have the next Lemma called Lemma A. 

  If you don't like having formulas numbered consecutively throughout a
  chapter, but simply want to number certain formulas in proofs,
  for reference within that proof, each time starting with (1), you
  can easily arrange that. 

  Or every now and then you might simply want to label certain formulas 
  that will soon need to be referred to with (*) or (**) ...

  Or, after the displayed formula (14), you might have a dual formula, 
  which you would like to have labelled (14*).

  Or you might the next set of aligned formulas to be
  labelled (15a), (15b), (15c).  

LamS-TeX has a simple, consistent, approach that allows you to make
such modifications to any construction that normally receives automatic
numbering---these include formula numbers, items in lists of all sorts,
theorems, lemmas, etc., chapters, sections, etc., footnotes, and figure 
and table captions, and you can also create new automatically numbered 
constructions of your own. In addition to the changes indicated above,
you can also easily change the numbering from arabic numbers to
upper- or lower-case letters, or upper- or lower-case roman numerals.
You can even change the font in which the numbers are printed, as well
as the ``style'' in which they are printed (surrounded by parentheses,
or followed by a period, etc.)
 
LamS-TeX's \label and \ref construction is similar to LaTeX's, except
that you can also refer to different aspects of some \label'ed 
construction.  For example, if formulas are being labelled as
(3.4.1), (3.4.2), (3.4.3), ... (in section 4 of chapter 3), you can
access both the number (1 or 2 or 3 or ...) as well as the number
together with its preliminary indicator, 3.4.1, 3.4.2, 3.4.3, ...
as well as the completely formatted number (3.4.1), (3.4.2), ...

[There are also enough ``hooks'' to allow you to write more interesting
constructions.  For example, in the LamS-TeX manual, where sections
are labelled as 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, ... in Chapter 3, I made a special
construction so that in Chapter 3 it would print ``section 4'' when
referring to section 3.4, but ``section 5.4'' when referring to the
section 5.4 in a different Chapter.  And I made a special construction
that usually prints ``see page ...'', but prints ``see the previous 
page'' if ... is one less than the current page, and ``see above''
when ... equals the current page.]

It might also be mentioned that LamS-TeX allows you to have footnote 
numbers start at 1 on each page automatically (this is an obvious task 
for a two-pass system, and it's hard to imagine why it hasn't been done
before, since it is so ugly to have footnotes numbered throughout a chapter).

Special attention is given to the question of Theorems, Propositions,
Lemmas, Corollaries, etc.  It is easy to set things up so that, for
example, Theorems and Propositions are numbered together, Lemmas
are numbered separately, and Corollaries are also numbered separately
and automatically start with 1 after each Theorem or Lemma.

One of the most complex parts of LamS-TeX is its mechanism for
automatically placing figures and tables.  The mechanism follows 
standard typesetting rules---at most two figures per page, one at 
the top, one at the bottom, with figures always following their
reference---except that all sorts of exceptions are allowed, so 
that you can have more than one figure on a page, force a figure
to the bottom, have a figure occur at the top or bottom depending 
on whether it is referred to nearer the top or bottom of the page,
occur right in the middle of a paragraph, etc., etc. You can also
have figures occur in pairs or triples, either placed above each 
other, or side-by-side, and you can indicate that a figure is so
large that LamS-TeX should simply reserve a page for it, together
with its caption.  As most style specify, figures are not allowed
to occur on the first page, and the mechanism for this is easily
changed in the book style, for example, to prevent figures on the
first page of any chapter.  In addition, figures will always be
``flushed out'' at the end of each chapter, before the next 
chapter begins.

LamS-TeX's ``literal'' mode (``verbatim'' mode in LaTeX) should
also be noted, again because of its flexibility.  You not only
can choose the character that is used to delimit literal mode,
but you can also choose a new escape character, so that control
sequences can be used within literal mode. Displayed literal
mode material can be arbitrarily long; although usually
an unbreakable unit, there are control sequences (typed using
the new escape character) that allow or force page breaks.
It is thus quite easy to handle long computer program listings
using literal mode.

LamS-TeX has an extensive set of constructions for bibliographies,
but LamS-TeX can also be made to interface with BiBTeX,
if you already have a large BiBTeX data base.

Naturally LamS-TeX includes automatic generation of a table of 
contents file, and its indexing aspect has an extensive set of features.
In addition to subentries, up to five levels, you can indicate that
an entry should be printed using an arbitrary control sequence (e.g.,
a font control sequence), or that its page number should be printed
using an arbitrary control sequence.  You can also indicate page spans,
cross-references, etc., etc.


******************************************************************

THE LAMS-TEX MANUAL (300 PAGES, SPIRAL BOUND) IS AVAILABLE FROM 

    TEXPLORATORS
    3701 W. ALABAMA, SUITE 450-273
    HOUSTON, TX 77027

THE CURRENT PRICE IS $30, WHICH INCLUDES SHIPPING  

YOU CAN ALSO ASK YOUR BOOK STORE TO ORDER IT FOR YOU
(THE CURRENT EDITION OF THE MANUAL DOES NOT HAVE AN ISBN NUMBER)

******************************************************************

THE LAMS-TEX WIZARD'S MANUAL, PRESUMABLY OF VERY LIMITED INTEREST,
EXPLAINS ALL THE CODE IN LAMSTEX IN COMPLETE, THOROUGH, AND
NAUSEATING DETAIL.  MORE PRECISELY, VOLUME I, WHICH IS ALL THAT
HAS BEEN WRITTEN, COVERS ALL THE DETAILS OF THE FIRST PART OF THE
LAMSTEX MANUAL, BUT NOT THE COMMUTATIVE DIAGRAMS OR TABLES. IT IS
600 PAGES LONG AND IS PRINTED ON DEMAND, BY LASER PRINTER, 
(ON BOTH SIDES OF 300 PAGES).  IT IS NORMALLY PRINTED DIRECTLY ON 
3-HOLE PUNCHED PAPER, UNLESS YOU REQUEST OTHERWISE. 

THE PRICE, INCLUDING SHIPPING, IS $40.

*****************************************************************

IN PREPARATION: THE LAMS-TEX STYLE FILE DESIGNER'S MANUAL.
THIS WILL BE A SORT OF CONDENSATION OF THE WIZARD'S
MANUAL, FOCUSING ON THOSE THINGS THAT ARE REQUIRED FOR MODIFYING
THE DEFAULT LAMSTEX STYLE.  IT WILL BE PRINTED, SPIRAL BOUND,
AND PROBABLY SOLD AT SOME BARGAIN PRICE, LIKE $10.

******************************************************************

\endcomment

\document

\NameHL1\chapter
\Namehl1\section

\chapter Sample File\\ \rm (Read the file itself for more
information)\endchapter

\section{Sample diagrams}
Here are three sample commutative diagrams:
\define\la#1{@()\L{#1}} 
\define\lb#1{@()\l{#1}}
$$
\redefine\H{@()\1H} 
\ssizeCDlabels
\cgaps{.7; .9; .7; .9; .7}
\CD
H_q 
	\la\omega @(2,0)
	\H\lb{p_q} @(0,-2)
	\la a \lb\simeq @(1,-1)
& & \pi_{q+1}
	\la{h_{q+1}} \H @(2,0)
	@() \dl{-10} \lb\eta \H @(0,-2)
	\la b \lb\simeq @(1,-1)
& & H_{q+1}
	@() \dl{-10} \lb{p_{q+1}} \H @(0,-2)
	\la c \lb\simeq @(1,-1)
\\
& H'_q
	@() \dl{-10} \lb{p'_q} \H @(0,-2)
	@() \dL{-10} \la{\omega'} @(2,0)
& & \pi'_{q+1}
	@() \dl{-10} \lb{\eta'} \H @(0,-2)
	@() \dL{-10} \la{h'_{q+1}} @(2,0)
& & H'_{q+1}
	\H \lb{p'_{q+1}} @(0,-2)
\\
\Cal H_q
	\la\alpha \lb\simeq @(1,-1)
	@() \0t \dL{10} \la\Omega @(2,0)
& &\Pi_{q+1}
	\la\beta \lb\simeq @(1,-1)
	@() \dL{10} \la H\H @(2,0)
& &\Cal H_{q+1}
	\la\gamma \lb\simeq @(1,-1)
\\
& \Cal H'_q
	@() \0t \la{\Omega'} @(2,0)
& & \Pi'_{q+1}
	\la{H'} \H @(2,0)
& & \Cal H'_{q+1}
\endCD 
\tag
$$
and
$$
\cgaps{.8; .8}
\CD
D \la i @(2,0)
 & &  D @() \1` \p{-2} \lb j @(-1,-1) @() \1e \0' \p2 \la{j'} @(-1,-1)  \\
& E\lb k @(-1,1)
\endCD  \tag
$$
and
$$
\define\Hom{\operatorname{Hom}}
\rgaps{1.3;1}
\CD
B\otimes_A\Hom_A(B,A)
	\la\phi @(2,0)
	@() \ds(-10;-2) \la\psi @(1,-1)
	@() \ds(-20;-2) \lb{\sigma\ } @(1,-2)
& & \Hom_A(B,B)
	@() \ds(10;-2) \la\mu_k @(-1,-1)
	@() \ds(20;-2) \lb{\ \operatorname{tr}_{B/A}} @(-1,-2)
\\
& \Hom_A(B,A)
	\lb\theta @(0,-1)
\\
& A
\endCD
\tag
$$

\section{Other Features} For other features, see the documentation.

\immediate\write16{^^J If you get an error message either because^^J
you don't have the file lamslogo.tex, or because you don't have^^J
the font cmsy8, just type \string\enddocument before this message^^J
in the file, and read the information about availability of the^^J
manual directly from this file itself.^^J}

\input lamslogo

\section{Documentation}
 The \LamSTeX\ Manual, ``\LamSTeX, The Synthesis'' (300~pages,
spiral bound) is available from
\medskip
\margins \pullin{30pt}{}
\flushpar Texplorators\newline
3701 W. Alabama, Suite 450-273\newline
Houston, TX 77027
\endmargins

\medskip\flushpar 
The current price is \$30, which includes shipping (special
4th class rate).  You can also ask your book store to order it for you (the
current edition of the manual does not have an ISBN number).

\bigskip\flushpar
The \LamSTeX's Wizard's Manual, presumably of very limited interest,
explains all the code in \LamSTeX\ in complete, thorough, and
nauseating detail.  More precisely, Volume~I, which is all that has
been written, covers all the details of the first part of the
\LamSTeX\ Manual, but not the commutative diagrams or tables.  It is
600~pages long and is printed on demand, by laser printer (on both sides
of 300~pages).  It is normally printed directly on 3-hole punched paper,
unless you request otherwise.

\medskip\flushpar 
The price, including shipping, is \$40.00.


\bigskip\bigskip\flushpar
In preparation: The \LamSTeX\ Style File Designer's Manual. This will
be a sort of condensation of the Wizard's Manual, focusing on those things
that are required for modifying the default \LamSTeX\ style.  It will be
printed, spiral bound, and probably sold at some bargain price, like \$10.00.


\enddocument